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Herpes Therapy Slows HIV Progression

Source:  Medpage Today

“Treating herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) slows the progression of HIV in people infected with both, researchers have found.

In a large randomized trial in Africa, giving the herpes drug acyclovir (Zovirax) reduced the risk of HIV progression by 16% among people not yet eligible for antiretroviral therapy, according to Jairam Lingappa, MD, of the University of Washington in Seattle, and colleagues.

The finding comes after earlier research — some of it from the same trial — showed that treating herpes simplex does not reduce the risk of transmitting HIV, Lingappa and colleagues said online in The Lancet.”

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Rights of vulnerable people and the future of HIV/AIDS

Source:  The Lancet

“Since the identification of Pneumocystis (carinii) jirovecii pneumonia in five homosexual men in San Francisco in 1981, which led to the first description of what has become known as AIDS, our understanding of the syndrome has come a long way. Although the disease briefly acquired the somewhat divisive monikers gay-related immune deficiency (GRID) and 4H (after the populations affected: Haitians, homosexuals, haemophiliacs, and heroin users), the story in the past three decades has been one of a pandemic that has touched most social groups in every country.
Continue reading ‘Rights of vulnerable people and the future of HIV/AIDS’

SID: Melanoma in U.S. Shows Rapid Increase

Source:  Medpage Today

“MONTREAL, May 11 — The incidence of melanoma in the U.S. increased rapidly over a 12-year period — across socioeconomic lines and for all tumor thicknesses — according to a study reported here.

During the study period from 1992 to 2004, the incidence of all thicknesses of melanoma increased from 18.2 per 100,000 to 26.3 per 100,000 (95% CI 25.7 to 27.0) — an annual increase of 3.1% (P<0.001), the report said.

A total of 70,596 new cases was reported over the period.”

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Studies may demonstrate need for middle-aged, older men to visit physician to detect melanoma.

Source:  Dermatology Daily

“Reuters (4/21, Steenhuysen) reports that, according to studies published in the April issue of the Archives of Dermatology, men over the age of 40 should visit their physician to check for signs of melanoma. Physicians can detect melanomas at an early stage when they are easier to treat. This is important, because death rates from melanoma are increasing, particularly in among middle-aged and older men.

For the first study, Susan M. Swetter, MD, of Stanford University, and colleagues “interviewed 227 men aged 40 and older within three months after they had been diagnosed with melanoma,” HealthDay (4/20, Edelson) explained. “A quarter of them had tumors more that two millimeters thick — about a third of the thickness of a pencil eraser, but enough to mark a dangerous borderline for effective treatment.” The team “found that men whose melanomas were detected by physicians tended to be older, and that 46 percent of the physician-detected melanomas were on the back.” In an accompanying editorial, June K. Robinson, MD, of the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, pointed out that “detecting a melanoma early, while it is thin, is an essential first step in surviving the skin cancer.”

WebMD (4/20, Warner) added that “a second analysis ” demonstrated that “physician detection of melanomas is most common among men over 65, men with a history of atypical moles, or men with cancers in areas they can’t see, like their backs.” Specifically, the investigators “found that men whose melanomas were detected by a doctor tended to be older (57 percent were 65 or older compared with 42 percent of those who detected the cancer themselves and 34 percent whose melanoma was detected by someone else).” The authors theorized that “older men tend to visit their doctor more frequently than younger men. They may also have poorer eyesight for self-detection and are less likely to have a partner to look at their skin.”

HIV Hides In Bone Marrow Say Researchers

Source:  Medical News Today

Researchers in the US have discovered that a latent form of HIV hides in progenitor cells in bone marrow, avoids detection by the immune system and retains the ability to reproduce and spread when the coast is clear (eg when treated people stop taking anti-HIV drugs). The researchers hope their discovery will lead to new and more effective treatments that target these latent reservoirs and that eventually those infected won’t have to take anti-HIV drugs all their lives.

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Studies Show Gardasil Could Help Older Women, Gay Men, Merck Says

Source:  Wall Street Journal

“Merck & Co. said two recent studies of its cervical-cancer vaccine Gardasil showed it could help older women and gay men.

In one study, Gardasil was 89% effective in preventing human papillomavirus, a virus that causes cervical cancer and other diseases, in women ages 24 through 45.

In the other study, the drug was 78% effective against anal intraepithelial neoplasia, a precursor to anal cancer, associated with HPV in men ages 16 to 26 who have sex with men.”

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Increased testing leads to decrease in viral load and infections in San Francisco, and in late diagnosis in Washington

Source:  AIDSmap

“The HIV infection rate in San Francisco appears to be falling, and the fall is associated with a reduction in the average viral load in HIV-positive people, due to more people on treatment, the 17th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) heard on Wednesday.

Dr Moupali Das from the San Francisco Department of Public Health (DPH) told the conference that the reduction in infections was ultimately due to an increased frequency of HIV testing. It is estimated that only one in seven people with HIV in the city is unaware of their infection, one of the lowest undiagnosed rates in the world.

Between 2004 and 2008, Dr Das said, the number of HIV diagnoses in San Francisco fell by 45%, and the average viral load amongst the HIV-positive population by 40%. The DPH also estimated that the actual HIV incidence – the true number of new HIV infections, diagnosed and undiagnosed – fell by one-third between 2006 and 2008.”

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HIV treatment may prevent at least nine out of ten transmissions

Source:  AIDSmap

“A study of HIV transmission between long-term, HIV-serodiscordant heterosexual couples in Africa has found that the chance of transmission is reduced by at least 90% if the HIV-positive partner is on antiretroviral therapy.

As a comparison, this is better than the efficacy of 100% attempted condom use, which is in the order of 85% (with a high margin of uncertainty).

There was one transmission from a partner who was taking HIV therapy, however, and presenter Deborah Donnell said that this indicated that the advice to serodiscordant couples that they should maintain safer sex should not change, even when the HIV-positive partner was on treatment.”

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Gilead HIV fighter fares well in study

Source:  San Francisco Business Times

“An experimental four-in-one, once-a-day drug to treat HIV from Gilead Sciences Inc. was at least as effective as the company’s multibillion-dollar, three-in-one-pill in a mid-stage study.

The Foster City-based company (NASDAQ: GILD) said it expects to start large-scale Phase III studies by the middle of the year involving 600 to 700 HIV-infected patients.

The so-called Quad tablet — combining previously approved Gilead drugs Viread and Emtriva with a new drug, elvitegravir, and new booster developed by Gilead — reduced the viral load in 90 percent of patients at 24 weeks of use. That compares with 83 percent using the three-in-one pill, Atripla.

What’s more, Gilead said discontinuation rates due to side effects were similar in both the Quad and Atripla arms midway through the 48-week study.”

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